Can phthalates in textiles increase miscarriage risk?

Phthalates are plasticizing chemicals widely used in synthetic textile manufacturing to increase fabric flexibility and as carriers for dyes and prints. These chemicals disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, the hormonal control system that governs reproductive function in both men and women. In women, phthalate exposure has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, likely due to interference with progesterone production and endometrial receptivity.

During early pregnancy, stable progesterone levels are essential for maintaining the uterine lining and supporting embryo implantation. Phthalates can suppress progesterone synthesis and disrupt the signaling between the pituitary gland and the ovaries, creating a hostile environment for early pregnancy. Additionally, phthalates have been shown to cause inflammation in reproductive tissues, further compromising the conditions needed for healthy embryo development.

Because phthalates leach more readily from fabrics in the presence of heat and sweat, activewear and clothing worn during exercise represent heightened exposure. For women who are pregnant or trying to conceive, switching to natural-fiber clothing is a meaningful precaution. Brands on ONDU like Mate the Label and Pact use organic, certified fabrics that are free from phthalates and other reproductive toxicants.