How do microplastics affect sperm motility and DNA integrity?

Microplastics impair sperm motility primarily by causing mitochondrial dysfunction. Sperm cells depend on healthy mitochondria in their midpiece to generate the energy needed for forward movement. When microplastic particles interact with these mitochondria, they trigger oxidative stress that damages the energy-producing machinery, leaving sperm sluggish or unable to swim effectively. Studies report a negative correlation of -0.39 between microplastic load and sperm motility.

Beyond motility, microplastics cause DNA fragmentation in sperm cells. The same reactive oxygen species that impair mitochondria also attack the DNA within the sperm head, breaking strands and altering genetic material. High sperm DNA fragmentation is associated with lower fertilization rates, poorer embryo development, and increased miscarriage risk even when conception does occur. Research has found a correlation of -0.32 between microplastic concentration and sperm count, indicating a dose-dependent relationship.

Reducing daily microplastic exposure is one actionable step men can take to protect their reproductive health. Since clothing is a major source of microplastic contact, especially garments worn against the skin for extended hours, choosing natural-fiber underwear and base layers can meaningfully lower your body's microplastic burden. Brands available on ONDU like Pact and Organic Basics use certified organic cotton and other natural materials free from plastic-based fibers.